SS-31 (Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia) is a synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, developed as part of the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide class. These peptides selectively concentrate in the inner mitochondrial membrane without requiring a mitochondrial membrane potential. SS-31's primary interaction target is cardiolipin, a unique dimeric phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Cardiolipin Interaction Research
Research has examined SS-31's specific interactions with cardiolipin, which plays critical roles in organizing the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing electron transport chain complexes, and maintaining mitochondrial cristae morphology.
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Research
Preclinical research has examined SS-31's effects on ATP production efficiency, mitochondrial membrane potential maintenance, and reactive oxygen species generation in experimental models of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Clinical and Aging Research Applications
SS-31 has progressed to clinical investigation under the name Elamipretide, with research examining its effects in conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and aging skeletal muscle research.
• Szeto HH (2014). First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. British Journal of Pharmacology, 171(8), 2029–2050.
